Green economic transformation and environmental security: Policy pathways toward sustainable resilience

The global community confronts escalating environmental crises, including anthropogenic climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion, which collectively threaten planetary boundaries and human well-being. The "green economy" paradigm and the concept of "environmental security" are pivotal for addressing these challenges and fostering sustainable development. The aim of this study is to synthesize current academic discourse on green economic transformation and its implications for environmental security and sustainable resilience. This systematic literature review analyzed peer-reviewed publications from 2020 to the present, sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on interconnections between green economic principles, environmental security challenges, and policy mechanisms. The review reveals multifaceted policy pathways, highlighting fiscal recovery packages as crucial for accelerating investments in green infrastructure and sustainable transitions, and regulatory frameworks as pivotal for a circular economy. It further indicates that green economic policies directly enhance environmental security by mitigating climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion, with investments in green infrastructure building resilience against climate impacts. The study concludes that the effectiveness of these policies is contingent upon comprehensive integration across sectors and scales, with strong governance mechanisms and state involvement being indispensable for achieving sustainable resilience.