Lipid Nanoparticle (LNPs) As Drug and Gene Delivery Carries

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Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as an advanced platform for drug and gene delivery, enabling the transition from conventional therapeutics to nucleic acid–based treatments. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), composed of biocompatible lipids, provide enhanced stability, reduced toxicity, and controlled drug release. The evolution from liposomes to modern systems such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and ionizable LNPs has significantly improved the delivery of fragile biomolecules like mRNA and siRNA.Despite advantages, challenges such as immunogenicity, stability, and limited tissue targeting remain. Ongoing research into novel lipids and formulation strategies continues to expand LNP applications in gene therapy, cancer treatment, and personalized medicine.