Spatiotemporal co-occurrence of female and male Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) in Tamaulipas, Mexico

The study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal co-occurrence of females and males of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2024 on 65 mango trees distributed across the municipalities of Gómez Farías, Güémez, González, Hidalgo, Llera de Canales, and Xicoténcatl, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Females and males were captured using 65 Multilure® traps baited with hydrolyzed protein. A total of 1017 adults were captured, of which 518 were A. ludens and 499 were A. obliqua. Temporal dynamics were evaluated using monthly fluctuations, the Pianka index, and cross-correlation analysis, whereas co-occurrence was assessed using the Veech and C-score tests. Co-occurrence analyses showed a stronger temporal association between females and males of each species (Pianka = 0.961–0.968) than between species (Pianka = 0.619–0.893). Interspecific combinations also showed lower-than-expected co-occurrence (Veech, adjusted p < 0.049). These results indicate temporal differentiation between A. ludens and A. obliqua, together with greater synchrony between females and males of the same species.