Analysis of Drug Use and Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Community Health Center X in Medan City

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is defined as a disorder of the metabolic system with incidence rates showing a continuous upward trend in both developed and developing countries such as Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to determine the profile of antidiabetic drug use and risk factors associated with T2DM incidence at Community Health Center X in Medan City. Methode: The research methodology used an observational design with an analytical nature through a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was conducted based on the medical records of T2DM patients through purposive sampling, and 50 patients were obtained as respondents by filling out the Finnish Diabetes Risk Questionnaire (FINDRISC). Data analysis was conducted at the univariate level, followed by the bivariate level using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests, and continued at the multivariate level through FINDRISC logistic regression. Result: The FINDRISC questionnaire results in the high risk factor category (n=22; 44%) were due to increasing age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, consumption of hypertension medication, and KGD. The use of T2DM drugs was mostly metformin (51.7%) and glimepiride (39.3%), but no insulin was given (HbA1c>9.0%). Conclusion The use of antidiabetic drugs at Community Health Center X in Medan City is generally not in accordance with the guidelines and algorithms for T2DM therapy (PERKENI, 2015) because none of the patients received insulin therapy (n=50) where (HbA1c=7.4-10.7%), (GDS=210-360 mg/dL), (GDP=110-200 mg/dL) with a disease duration of (3-15) years. This is due to patients' fear (stigma) of using insulin. This situation emphasizes the importance of intensive education by healthcare workers to T2DM patients to increase acceptance of insulin therapy according to indications, thereby improving treatment effectiveness and reducing the risk of complications.