Analysis of Occupational Accident Risks in a Bridge Duplication Construction Project Using the Delphi and FMEA Methods

The Social Security Administration for Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) recorded 234,370 occupational accident cases in 2021, increasing to 265,334 cases in 2022. In 2023, the number of occupational accidents rose further to 370,747 cases, and in 2024 it increased to 462,241 cases. Based on the latest data from the Ministry of Manpower (Kemnaker), 47,300 cases were reported as of April 2025. The construction sector contributes most to occupational accidents, accounting for about 32% of cases annually. In response, it is necessary to identify potential occupational accident risks and determine which occur most frequently. This study focuses on a bridge duplication construction project. The research uses the Delphi method, in which several Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) experts provide input on potential occupational accident risks to validate the risk variables through consensus. The study then used Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify the most dominant occupational accident risks. The Delphi method identified that, out of 31 occupational accident risks, 29 were validated as potential risks through expert consensus. The FMEA results further indicated that, of the 29 potential risks, 4 occupational accident risks were the most dominant. This study's results are expected to serve as a reference for stakeholders to identify potential occupational accident risks and determine which are most prevalent.