A Review of Chemical Machining: Principles, Applications, and Environmental Considerations

Chemical machining (CHM) is a material removal method based on controlled chemical etching using chemical solutions without the need for direct mechanical force. This review outlines the basic principles of chemical machining, including its mechanism, primary process types, and variables that affect performance. This study also covers the most significant industrial applications of chemical machining and the environmental issues related to chemical machining. It also analyzes previous studies to highlight recent advancements. The review provides a concise reference for researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of chemical machining and its technological developments. This research shows that the chemical machining process can machine both hard and lightweight materials, producing precise, complex shapes; it is used in important industries such as electronics, automobiles, and aviation, while reducing the stresses and mechanical deformations that may occur in traditional machining methods.