Integrating Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for Resilient and Intelligent Supply Chain Management

Resilient and intelligent supply chains are the need of the hour as disruptions are growing, information is becoming more fragmented and markets are changing rapidly. This review explores how blockchain and AI can be used together to enhance supply-chain visibility, security, prediction, coordination and adaptability. While blockchain offers decentralized, immutability, and traceability, AI is about turning operational data into forecasts, optimized decision making and automated responses. They are integrated and support the supplier management, demand forecast, inventory management, predictive maintenance, logistics, product authentication, disruption management and sustainable circular operations. The review also identifies the potential for smart contracts, federated learning, IoT, edge computing and digital twins to amplify the blockchain–AI's scope to span interwoven supply chains. However, these advantages are mitigated by scalability, interoperability, data privacy and security, cost, limited knowledge, opacity of algorithms, regulatory uncertainty and governance issues. What's needed for future progress are real-world validation, explainable and privacy-preserving AI, energy-efficient blockchain architectures, common technical standards, and meaningful human oversight. In general, the combination of blockchain and AI presents a viable potential for transparent, predictive, responsive, secure, sustainable, and learning supply chains.