Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance in Borana Pastoral Community, Moyale District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most significant global public health challenges. Although AMR is not a new phenomenon, it has gained increasing attention due to the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, which contribute to higher mortality rates and substantial economic burdens worldwide. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pastoral communities regarding antimicrobial use in animals and AMR, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2025. The study area was selected purposively, and participants were recruited using purposive sampling at the veterinary clinic level. A total of 85 participants were included in the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics in IBM SPSS Statistics. The majority of respondents were male (64.7%) and illiterate (60.0%). Approximately 95.3% of participants were aware of antimicrobials, and 87.1% reported using them in their animals. However, self-prescription (32.9%) and the use of informal sources for obtaining antimicrobials were common practices. The major challenges reported included low drug efficacy (35.0%) and limited access to veterinary services (21.2%). The study revealed that, although participants had a moderate level of knowledge regarding antimicrobial use and AMR, inappropriate antimicrobial use practices were common. Continuous education and awareness programs for pastoral livestock owners and workers on the proper use of antimicrobials, improved access to veterinary services, and stronger regulation of antimicrobial distribution are recommended to mitigate the emergence and spread of AMR in pastoral production systems.