Allergen-specific immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: current status, problems and prospects

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases (accounting for 20 to 40 %) and occurs in individuals of both sexes and across different age groups. The disease can significantly reduce quality of life, including serving as a cause of social maladaptation; therefore, the issue of studying effective methods for the treatment of atopic dermatitis remains relevant, aimed at minimizing its manifestations and prolonging periods of remission. The key components of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis are impairment of the skin barrier function, chronic T2-inflammation, and the development of immunoglobulin E specific sensitization to allergens. Along with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis belongs to T2-associated diseases, for which one of the treatment options is allergen-specific immunotherapy. This method has proven successful in the treatment of atopic diseases and, due to its disease-modifying effect, the issue of its efficacy and safety in patients with atopic dermatitis has been actively studied in recent years. This review summarizes current data on the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy with house dust mite allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis and presents a case report illustrating the successful use of allergen-specific immunotherapy with house dust mites allergen in a patient with atopic comorbidities.