Key result
Psychosocial factors and caffeine consumption show no association with abnormal blood pressure in university students.
Why the study?
Psychosocial stress, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and caffeine consumption have been linked to higher blood pressure in university students, but evidence in young adults remains limited.
Are psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality) and caffeine consumption associated with blood pressure abnormalities in university students?
Cross-Sectional (n=66)
No
Are psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality) and caffeine consumption associated with blood pressure abnormalities in university students?
Although no significant association was found between psychosocial factors or caffeine consumption and blood pressure in this small student cohort, the high prevalence of abnormal blood pressure (60.6%) highlights the need for routine screening in young adults.
Hypothesis-generating for psychosocial factors and caffeine in young adult BP; prospective studies needed before clinical consideration.
Background: Hypertension and prehypertension affect 10% and 14% of adolescents and young adults globally. Among university students, psychosocial stress, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and caffeine consumption have been linked to higher blood pressure in earlier studies, although evidence in young adults remains limited. This study assessed the association between psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality) and caffeine consumption with blood pressure among students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, UPN "Veteran" Jakarta, class of 2024. Method: A cross-sectional study of 66 students selected by simple random sampling from 1,204 students of the class of 2024. Blood pressure was measured with a digital sphygmomanometer; the PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS-10, PSQI, and a food frequency questionnaire were used. Data were analysed with Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Result: Abnormal blood pressure was found in 60.6% of students. No statistically significant association was detected between blood pressure and depressive symptoms (p = 0.293), anxiety (p = 0.859), sleep quality (p = 0.179), stress (p = 1.000), or caffeine consumption (p = 0.070). Conclusion: No significant association was detected in this sample, but the small sample, cross-sectional design, and single blood pressure measurement do not rule one out. The high proportion of abnormal blood pressure supports routine screening and mental health support for students
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Aurellia et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Blood pressure abnormalities (hypertension and prehypertension) (n=66). Psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality) and caffeine consumption was evaluated on Abnormal blood pressure measured with a digital sphygmomanometer (p=0.070 to 1.000). Psychosocial factors and caffeine consumption were not significantly associated with abnormal blood pressure (60.6% prevalence; all p>=0.070) among university students.
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