The power of blue entrepreneurial pedagogy: A heutagogical and resource orchestration perspective on learning-to-venture readiness

The global transition toward a sustainable blue economy requires education systems to prepare young people who can transform coastal and marine resources into responsible entrepreneurial opportunities. However, entrepreneurship education remains focused on intention, business-plan production, or generic competence, with limited attention to blue entrepreneurial readiness in vocational settings. This study draws on heutagogy and resource orchestration within a Learning-to-Venture Orchestration Framework to examine blue entrepreneurial readiness for initial venture-oriented action. An explanatory sequential mixed-method design was conducted in coastal vocational schools in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The quantitative phase involved 632 Generation Z vocational students analysed using PLS-SEM, followed by semi-structured interviews with 24 students, teachers, school leaders, external partners, and alumni. The findings show that learning orchestration capability, pedagogical capability, opportunity literacy, and venture self-efficacy are positively associated with readiness, with additional indirect associations through opportunity literacy and venture self-efficacy. The qualitative findings provide contextual and process-oriented insight by linking school resources, vocational practice, teacher facilitation, partner feedback, reflection, and student agency with early venture preparedness. The study contributes a cross-level account linking organized learning conditions, learner-side capabilities, and readiness for initial venture-oriented action in blue entrepreneurship education.