Early Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Routine Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Observational Study of Associated Perioperative Factors and Prophylactic Practices

Main Points• First-hour postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remained a clinically relevant problem during routine perioperative care but decreased at later postoperative time points.• Early PONV was associated with overlapping patient-related, anesthetic-related, and medication-related variables, supporting its multifactorial nature in daily clinical practice.• These findings highlight the importance of careful early postoperative monitoring, standardized risk assessment, and individualized preventive strategies.