Modelo de funcionalidades mínimas y escalables para un geoportal provincial basado en la evaluación de geoportales institucionales vinculados a la planificación territorial

The availability of institutional geoportals does not guarantee sufficient capabilities to support land-use planning, due to gaps in spatial analysis, interoperability, and decision support. The objective was to propose a model of minimum and scalable functionalities for a provincial geoportal, based on an evaluation of platforms linked to Cotopaxi, Ecuador. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and evaluative study was conducted using a matrix of 33 indicators applied to four geoportals and a Likert-scale survey of technical staff (314 valid responses); descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlations were used. Three platforms exhibited low functional maturity, and none reached the high level. Spatial analysis revealed widespread limitations; the association between spatial analysis and decision support was the strongest among the tested hypotheses (rho = 0.549; p < 0.001). A comparison of the two sources revealed discrepancies between perceptions and technical performance, particularly regarding decision support, although they evaluated different units. It is concluded that the proposed model, organized into minimum, intermediate, and advanced levels, provides a framework for progressive improvements across five functional dimensions, with institutional governance as a cross-cutting theme, and requires pilot validation.