Yield of Winter Wheat Seeds Depending on Maturity Groups of Varieties and Elements of Technology

Purpose. Study of the peculiarities of the formation of uterine root crops, seed yield, and its quality in sugar beets depending on the use of post-emergence herbicides on uterine beets. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Field studies were conducted at Uman National University of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and at the experimental tobacco station of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine during 2023-2025. Results. It was established that the use of post-emergence herbicides Betanal Max PRO and Goltiks Gold, both in full and reduced doses on sugar beet rootstocks, did not affect the sterility of the CS component when growing seeds from these rootstocks, which was 97.4-97.9% in the control 97.0%. No effect of herbicides on the density of component plants was found, which was within the recommended range for the zone of unstable moisture, with CHS components ranging from 118.8 to 150.9 thousand/ha, and multi-seed pollinators ranging from 118.8 to 134.2 thousand/ha. The optimal density of evenly spaced plants ensured the production of high-quality planting material. The average weight of mother root crops at the time of harvesting of the CS component and the multi-seeded component was almost the same for all variants and ranged from 190 to 284 g and from 216 to 374 g, respectively. It was established that the use of post-emergence herbicides in the cultivation of mother sugar beets did not affect the yield of seeds grown from these mother plants. Seed yield ranged from 1.56 t/ha (in the control) to 1.62 t/ha (with the combined use of reduced rates of Betanal Max PRO and Goltik Gold herbicides). It was found that the use of herbicides on mother plants provided significantly higher seed quality indicators – seed germination energy and germination rate in all variants were 2-3% higher than in the control. Correlation-regression analysis revealed a strong linear correlation between seed germination and yield with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.89. Conclusions. The use of post-emergence herbicides to control beet populations during the cultivation of seed beets did not affect the productivity of seed crops−their yield and quality.