Conceptual Architecture of Urban Bus Route Management in the Digital Transport Ecosystem

The article develops a conceptual architecture for managing urban bus routes within a digital transport ecosystem. The proposed approach integrates vehicles, stops, transfer hubs, passengers, electronic fare collection and dispatching processes within a unified digital environment. The architecture consists of functional layers for data acquisition, communication, processing and storage, monitoring and analytics, decision support, and passenger-oriented digital services. GPS/GNSS observations, passenger-flow data, electronic fare transactions and dispatching records are considered as complementary information sources. The management process is organized through a continuous “monitoring–analysis–decision–execution–monitoring” cycle. The architecture also applies an object-oriented representation in which routes, stops, transfer hubs, buses, passenger profiles, payment instruments and dispatching events are treated as interconnected digital objects. For Nukus, the proposed framework provides a methodological basis for the gradual transition from isolated digital tools to an integrated public transport management platform. Such integration can improve the transparency of operations, support real-time supervision, facilitate coordinated dispatching decisions and create the technological foundation for linking route management with information, payment and MaaS-oriented services. Keywords. digital transport ecosystem; bus route management; conceptual architecture; GPS/GNSS; monitoring; dispatching; electronic fare collection; MaaS.