State Policy on Banking Regulation Amid the Development of Fintech Technologies and Growing Digital Risks to National Security

The purpose of the study is to examine the transformation of state regulation of banking activities in Ukraine in the context of the development of FinTech technologies and the intensification of digital risks, as well as to substantiate directions for improving the regulatory framework and banking supervision mechanisms, taking into account the requirements of financial stability and national security. The article substantiates that the digital transformation of the financial sector causes the modernization of banking services, contributes to increasing the efficiency of financial intermediation, expands financial inclusion, and ensures the development of innovative business models; however, it generates new challenges for the system of state regulation of banking activities, ensuring financial stability and cybersecurity. The principal trends in the digitalization of banking activities are identified, and the impact of FinTech technologies on the transformation of state regulatory mechanisms in the financial sector is characterized. The performance of Ukraine’s major banks — PrivatBank, Oschadbank, and Raiffeisen Bank — during 2022–2025 is analyzed, revealing growing trends toward the digitalization of banking operations, the expansion of remote service channels, an increase in the number of users of digital services, and a strengthening role of financial technologies in ensuring the competitiveness of banking institutions. It is established that, alongside the positive effects of digital transformation, cyber risks, digital fraud, data leakage, technological dependence on external platforms, and other threats affecting national security are increasing. The need to improve state banking regulation is substantiated through the development of RegTech and SupTech technologies, the introduction of risk-based digital supervision, stronger cyber resilience of banking infrastructure, improved digital-risk management mechanisms, and the harmonization of national legislation with European standards of digital financial regulation. It is demonstrated that an effective combination of innovative development in the financial sector and modern mechanisms of state oversight is a necessary prerequisite for ensuring financial stability and protecting national interests in the digital economy.