Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Gondorukem Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

Gum rosin (gondorukem) is a non-timber forest product used as raw material in the adhesive, ink, paper, and cosmetic industries, yet research on its export competitiveness and determinants remains limited to static approaches. This study analyzes the competitiveness of Indonesian gum rosin in international markets and the factors influencing its export value to major destination countries during 2014-2023. Static and dynamic competitiveness are measured using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA), while export determinants are analyzed with a fixed effect panel gravity model covering six main destinations: China, India, Japan, the Netherlands, Pakistan, and South Korea. Results show that Indonesia holds a strong comparative advantage with an average RCA of 30.84. However, the DRCA position across three observation periods consistently falls into the poor restructuring category, indicating that this advantage has not been followed by structural improvement in exports. The GDP of destination countries has a positive effect on export value, while population and exchange rate have negative effects. Export growth is concentrated in China and India, the two destinations whose GDP growth exceeded the world average, alongside the sharp contraction of China's own gum rosin exports. This study recommends expanding markets toward fast-growing economies with developing downstream industries, together with increasing product value added.