Показники Munix Та Musix Як Біомаркери Оцінки Процесів Реадаптації Військовослужбовців-Спортсменів Після Поранень, Перед Поверненням До Тренувань Мма

Introduction. To study the characteristics of changes in M-response amplitude, MUNIX, and MUSIX indices in groups of military athletes with joint injuries resulting from shrapnel wounds during the readaptation process, prior to their return to MMA training. Materials and Methods. A total of 80 military athletes aged 29±1.2 years were examined. The men examined had prior experience in training and competition in mixed martial arts lasting 6±0.9 years. Four groups of 20 individuals each were formed. The control group consisted of physically healthy military athletes who had no musculoskeletal disorders. The next three groups (A, B, C) consisted of military athletes (60 individuals) who had undergone the first two phases (acute and post-acute) of rehabilitation following shrapnel injuries. Using the electroneuromyography method, we assessed the parameters of M-wave amplitude, the motor unit index (MUNIX), and motor unit size (MUSIX). Assessments were conducted at the beginning of the study and 3 months after participants in Groups A, B, and C had used the developed experimental exercise programs aimed at the readaptation of the body’s systems. Results. It was found that, based on the baseline values of the MUNIX parameters, MUSIX, and M-response amplitude in the studied muscle groups, a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference was found between the military athletes in the control group and those in groups A, B, and C. The difference ranged on average from 4.4% (p<0.05) to nearly 6.8 times. At the same time, it was found that the baseline parameters of the studied neurophysiological indicators differed significantly among participants in the examined groups who had previously undergone rehabilitation following shrapnel injuries. The results obtained after 3 months of use by military athletes – following their injuries and rehabilitation – of the experimental readaptation training programs developed specifically for them indicate that the amplitude of the M-response in agonist muscles showed the most pronounced increase (ranging from +46.8% to 121.4%) specifically in participants from groups that had suffered tears of the joint capsule and ligamentous apparatus of the corresponding joint. At the same time, it was among members of these specific groups that the most significant increase in the MUNIX index (ranging from +8.1% to +181.6%) was recorded during this training period among the surveyed military personnel with similar nosological conditions. However, a statistically significant decrease in MUNIX parameters occurred only in the agonist muscles, regardless of the specific nosological characteristics of the examined participant groups. Conclusions. The use of M-wave amplitude parameters, MUNIX, and MUSIX as informative biomarkers in electroneuromyography is an effective method for assessing the condition of individual components of the neuromuscular system in military athletes following the first two stages of rehabilitation from shrapnel injuries to joints and their ligamentous apparatus. Conducting a comparative analysis of ENMG results in the studied muscles between military personnel with similar nosological conditions and physically healthy military personnel who have undergone an identical period of mixed martial arts training, enables the development and practical evaluation of the effectiveness of experimental training models that utilize a specific combination of strength training regimens and corresponding sets of predominantly isolated exercises, to enhance the effectiveness of readaptation processes while accounting for potential complications following such injuries during the period of preparation for future training and competition in MMA.