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This manuscript presents Paul’s theological exploration of spiritual light and darkness through Christian, Jewish, Kabbalistic, and mystical perspectives. It examines angels and archangels as figures of guidance, protection, healing, and wisdom, alongside Satan and demonic forces as representations of temptation, accusation, fragmentation, and resistance to the good. Paul’s framework proposes that darkness is not an independent power equal to God but operates within a reality grounded in divine sovereignty. Spiritual struggle is interpreted as an opportunity for free choice, discernment, self-examination, and transformation. Transmuting darkness involves confronting destructive tendencies and redirecting human capacities towards compassion, justice, wisdom, and omnibenevolence. Light remains the governing principle, preserving the moral distinction between good and evil. Paul extends this account of personal transformation into a theological vision of universal restoration, including Satan’s eventual transformation through divine light. Spiritual evolution is thus envisaged as a movement from conflict and fragmentation towards consciously chosen unity and an Edenic creation governed by divine goodness.
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Jan Carlo Barca (2026) studied this question.
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