Tabayyun as an Information Resilience System for Urban Digital Communities: an Analysis of Surah Al-Hujurat Verses 6–8

The digital era has intensified information disruption through the proliferation of hoaxes, clickbait practices, and echo chambers, potentially undermining social cohesion and public trust. This study aims to reconstruct the concept of tabayyun in Surah Al-Hujurat verses 6–8 as a Qur’anic-based model of information resilience, with particular emphasis on its conceptual applicability to urban digital communities. Employing a qualitative approach through reflexive thematic analysis, the study examines relevant units of meaning from three authoritative Qur’anic commentaries: Tafsir al-Qurthubi, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, and Tafsir al-Azhar, contextualized through contemporary digital communication scholarship. The findings identify six thematic categories integrated into a three-layer protection model: an internal-spiritual layer comprising five ethical control mechanisms, a procedural-empirical layer involving seven information verification procedures, and a structural-governance layer encompassing four data validity rules and four information governance principles. These interconnected layers establish a conceptual framework for mitigating information distortion, strengthening public trust, and preventing socially harmful decisions. The study reconceptualizes tabayyun from an individual ethical obligation into an integrated information resilience system, offering a Qur’anic foundation for strengthening verification practices, ethical communication, and information governance in urban digital communities confronting contemporary disinformation challenges.