From Formal Cooperation to Effective Economic Integration: A Formation-Implementation-Outcome-Adjustment Framework for Central Asia

This article develops a conceptual and methodological framework for assessing economic integration in Central Asia beyond formal agreements and the expansion of trade flows. Based on a comparative review of the literature and theoretical synthesis, it proposes an author-defined concept, seven structural components of the integration mechanism, and four assessment criteria: intensity, connectivity density, institutionalization, and distribution. The proposed "Formulation–Implementation–Outcome–Adjustment" analytical model links commitments to administrative practices, economic outcomes, and policy adjustments. For multidimensional assessment, the article proposes a weighted gap indicator between formal commitments and their actual implementation, as well as an adjusted index of integration effectiveness. The model emphasizes reporting results by individual components, assessing the distribution of benefits and costs, and examining Uzbekistan's contribution to regional integration. Both indicators are presented as methodological proposals that require empirical validation.