Critical Analysis of the S-Switching Model: The Problem of Causality

The article conducts a critical analysis of the superluminal communication model proposed in [2] (the S-switching model). It is shown that the model, in its current formulation, violates causality. A formal definition of causality is given, along with a verification of the model against this definition and an examination of four possible defenses. The model of [2] asserts that a signal can be transmitted faster than light by using an already existing topological fold between two configurations of the ontological selector S. The author of [2] claims that the model does not violate causality, since the signal does not move faster than light but uses an already existing topological structure. Verification against the definition of causality shows: events A and B are separated by a spacelike interval, and the signal carries information. Consequently, causality is violated. Article [2] itself acknowledges that for an observer in S the time from sending to receiving is less than L/c. This is a direct indication of superluminal transmission, and the assertion of the preservation of causality is not justified. Four possible defensive moves are considered: the signal carries no information; the signal carries information and causality is violated (requires acknowledgment); information is transmitted but cannot be used; the model is formulated insufficiently rigorously. None of these moves is consistent with the text of the article. A comparison is conducted with known results: Morris–Thorne wormholes (also violate causality), the no-communication theorem (the model is not a variant of it), the grandfather paradox (not considered in the article), Hawking's chronology protection conjecture. An open question is formulated: can the model be reformulated so as to preserve superluminal communication in a useful sense without violating causality. In contemporary physics, such models are unknown.