Comparative Analysis of Geometric Characteristics and Construction Techniques of Double-Shell Domes in Holy Shrines

Holy shrines are a common architectural type in many Islamic countries, and they have been distinguished from other styles of Islamic architecture due to their function as a shrine that carries high symbolism for an influential Islamic figure. Domes are regarded as one of the most prominent architectural elements in these shrines, appearing in diverse forms and classifications across the regions of the Islamic world. The research aims to investigate the geometric characteristics and structural techniques of discontinuous double-shell domes in holy shrines in Iraq and Iran, the majority of which date back to the Jalayirid and Safavid periods, in order to develop a framework for identifying these domes. Following a study of the primary components of the selected models, the research established a framework through which these domes can be distinguished at the formal, structural, and decorative levels. Furthermore, the results indicated that the dome of Imam Rida is characterized by geometric and structural characteristics that distinguish it from the domes of Iraq.