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Due to the complex pathological mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and the robust barrier function of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), current therapeutic strategies face bottlenecks, including limited therapeutic efficacy and challenges in drug delivery. Through transmembrane mechanisms such as passive and active transport, nanomedicines markedly improve the efficiency of drug transport across the BBB, offering novel targeted therapeutic approaches for ameliorating CNS diseases. Most existing reviews on nanomedicines focus mainly on research advances in the treatment of glioma, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), whereas systematic summaries regarding the treatment of depression and drug addiction remain scarce. In addition to reviewing the progress in the use of nanomedicines to treat these common CNS diseases, this paper systematically summarizes the therapeutic advances for depression and drug addiction. The challenges encountered in translating nanomedicine from laboratory-based research to clinical applications are also discussed.
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Shao et al. (2026) studied this question.
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