Numerical simulation of heat dissipation in high-power LED fishing lamp based on COMSOL

A three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model of a 400 W high-power LED fishing lamp (Scheme A) was established in COMSOL Multiphysics by coupling Heat Transfer in Solids, Heat Transfer in Fluids, laminar flow, and non-isothermal flow. The effects of input power, heat sink fin thickness, inlet air velocity, and heat sink structure on junction temperature and thermal behavior were analyzed and validated using infrared thermal imaging. Increasing input power markedly increased junction temperature, whereas increasing fin thickness and inlet air velocity reduced it. A fin thickness of 1.5-2.5 mm provided a suitable balance between heat conduction and structural lightweighting. As inlet air velocity increased from 0.5 m/s to 4 m/s, the maximum junction temperature decreased from 143.53 °C to 87.52 °C. Five structural optimization schemes, (Schemes B-F) were investigated, among which Scheme D exhibited the most effective thermal performance, improving the internal heat conduction path and reducing the maximum junction temperature from 133.06 °C to 123.17 °C. With forced convection at 2 m/s, the optimized structure further reduced the maximum junction temperature to 91.26 °C, approaching the safe operating range. The results provide guidance for thermal design, heat sink optimization, and wind-speed control of high-power LED fishing lamps.