Factors Affecting Treatment Outcomes after Proximal Femoral Fractures in Men Aged 70 Years and Older

Background. Proximal femoral fractures represent a major clinical, epidemiological, and healthcare delivery challenge. As the population ages, their incidence and impact on patient outcomes continue to increase, particularly in the oldest age groups. These injuries are associated with high mortality, functional decline, and a substantial burden on healthcare systems. It is therefore increasingly important to identify factors associated with poor treatment outcomes. Material and methods. A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 235 male patients hospitalized for proximal femoral fractures between 2020 and 2025. Patients were divided into three age groups: 70–79, 80–89, and ≥90 years. Mortality, comorbidities, selected aspects of the hospital course, and treatment outcomes were analysed. Results. Age was significantly associated with intensive care unit admission, functional status at discharge, and mortality within 3 months after discharge. Mortality rates were 6.9% in patients aged 70–79 years, 18% in those aged 80–89 years, and 26.9% in those aged ≥90 years. Lower mortality was observed among patients who underwent surgery and those with better functional status at discharge. Diabetes was associated with a higher incidence of complications, while cardiac and neurological diseases were associated with a more complicated clinical course. Conclusions. 1. Older age was significantly associated with short-term treatment outcomes, including mortality, the need for postoperative intensive care, and functional status at discharge. 2. A higher level of functional independence achieved at discharge was significantly associated with lower mortality. 3. Comorbidities were significantly associated with the clinical course of treatment. 4. A combined assessment of age, functional status at discharge, and comorbidities may help identify patients at the highest risk of a more severe clinical course and death.