Splenic Rupture Complicating Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report

Background: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with variable severity. Splenic complications are rare but potentially life-threatening. Case presentation: We report the case of a 54-year-old woman with a history of cholecystectomy who developed severe acute pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Three days after admission, she presented with acute hemodynamic instability and a significant drop in hemoglobin. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed active bleeding due to splenic rupture. Emergency splenectomy was performed with favorable outcome. Conclusion: Splenic rupture is an exceptionally rare complication of acute pancreatitis. Early recognition of hemorrhagic complications in severe pancreatitis is critical to ensure prompt management and improve outcomes.