The Effect of Extraction Methods of Cassia alata L. Leaves on Flavonoid, Phenolic Contents, and Antifungal Activity

Cassia alata L. is used traditionally to treat fungal diseases such as tinea pedis (athlete's foot), caused by Trichophyton rubrum. This study examined how three extraction methods (maceration, reflux, and ultrasonication) applied to C. alata leaves affect total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antifungal activity. TFC and TPC were determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and antifungal activity was assessed by the well diffusion method. Ultrasonication produced the highest TFC (4.68 mg QE/g), TPC (8.92 mg GAE/g), and antifungal activity (inhibition zone diameter 25.7 mm) compared with maceration and reflux. Ultrasonication was therefore more effective than maceration and reflux at extracting the constituents of C. alata leaves that act against T. rubrum.