A systematic synthesis of institutional analysis in human–wildlife conflict research (2000–2025)

Human-wildlife conflict challenges biodiversity, yet its institutional dimensions remain understudied. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 58 records (2000-2025), mapping a shift from foundational state-centric models to contemporary power-focused research. Results highlight spatial mismatch between wildlife movement and rigid administrative boundaries. To address this spatial misfit, governance integrates formal laws with local customs to ensure management gains social legitimacy. Crucially, we identify animal agency as an independent catalyst driving management adaptation. The review presents a diagnostic tool showing that long-term coexistence depends on resolving structural power struggles and historical grievances through procedural fairness. Ultimately, we advance prioritization of power and the fostering of relational agency to achieve durable coexistence within shared landscapes.