Key result
Veteran status interacts with sex, linked to ~29% lower multimorbid CV risk in men versus women.
Why the study?
The moderating effects of veteran status, race/ethnicity, age, sex, and functional status on the likelihood of reporting cardiovascular health conditions in the general US population needed to be explored.
Does veteran status, moderated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and functional status, affect the likelihood of reporting cardiovascular conditions in the general US population?
Cross-Sectional
Does veteran status, moderated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and functional status, affect the likelihood of reporting cardiovascular conditions in the general US population?
Nationally representative survey data indicate a waning healthy soldier effect among younger US veterans and highlight that female veterans face a disproportionately elevated risk of reporting multiple cardiovascular conditions.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Potential reporting biases may skew national CV prevalence data; leaves open need for adjusted survey methods by veteran and functional status.
BACKGROUND: This study explores the likelihood of reporting the presence of cardiovascular health conditions in the National Health Interview Survey, with a focus on the moderating effects of veteran status, race/ethnicity, age, sex, and functional status. METHOD: Data from the 2012-2015 National Health Interview Survey examine 5 cardiovascular health conditions/risk factors (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart conditions, stroke, and heart attack). RESULTS: Age, sex, and functional status moderate the relationship between veteran status and cardiovascular conditions. Veterans who are younger (veteran × age) have a higher risk of reporting 1 cardiovascular condition compared with veterans who are older (relative risk [RR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-0.99). Veterans with functional limitations (veteran × functional status) are at a lower risk of reporting 3 or more cardiovascular conditions compared with veterans with no functional limitations (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95). Interaction variables in the model (veteran × sex) show that female veterans had a higher risk than did female non-veterans of reporting 3 or more cardiovascular conditions compared with male veterans versus male non-veterans (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.95). Race/ethnicity does not moderate the likelihood of reporting cardiovascular disease conditions in this sample. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that previous military service is linked to the reporting of cardiovascular disease conditions by using nationally representative data to examine the moderating effects of veteran status on the relationship between race/ethnicity, sex, functional status, and age and cardiovascular disease for veterans living in the general US population. The findings suggest a waning healthy soldier effect for the youngest American veterans and indicate that female veterans' cardiovascular health is at greatest risk.
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Ramon Hinojosa (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular conditions/risk factors (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart conditions, stroke, and heart attack). Veteran status moderated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and functional status vs. Non-veterans or reference subgroups (older veterans, no functional limitations) was evaluated on Likelihood of reporting 1 or >=3 cardiovascular health conditions/risk factors (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart conditions, stroke, and heart attack) (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.95). Veteran status interacted with sex, with female veterans having a higher risk than female non-veterans of reporting >=3 cardiovascular conditions compared with males (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.53-0.95).
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