Agro waste mediated synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: A sustainable strategy for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity applications

An approach to nanotechnology that is both practical and environmentally friendly is one that involves the synthesis of nanoparticles using some of the principles underlying green chemistry. The agro waste mediated synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) was performed by utilizing the peel extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus , also known as jackfruit. Functional group identification was done through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) instruments were used to characterize the morphological textures and composition of Fe 3 O 4 NPs that were synthesized using jackfruit peel extract (biosynthesized Fe 3 O 4 NPs). Fe 3 O 4 NPs demonstrated most effective antibacterial activity at concentrations ranging from 50-100 μg/mL and cytotoxicity against the A549 cancer cell line (IC 50 = 18.25 μg/mL), and this was performed by trypan blue exclusion assay. In addition, the Fe 3 O 4 NPs displayed anti-inflammatory capabilities with an IC 50 value of 9.17 μg/mL, demonstrating their potential as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in human red blood cells. The results of this study may pave the way for the creation of new avenues for the development of ecologically friendly and economical advancements for the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 NPs that may be employed in a variety of applications, including the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas.