Triggering Factors for Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children

Adenoid undergoes physiological enlargement during childhood. However, when this enlargement causes obstruction around the nasopharynx, this enlargement becomes a pathological disorder called adenoid hypertrophy. The etiology of adenoid hypertrophy remains unclear, but it is believed to be a multifactorial process. The study identified the triggering factors for adenoid hypertrophy in children at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto. This study was an observational research using a quantitative descriptive design. The population of this study consisted of children under 10 years old who were diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto from January 2021 to August 2024. The data used were secondary data obtained from medical records and supplemented through interviews. The collected data were then analyzed using univariate analysis. Of the 55 patients, 31 patients (56,4%) are male and 24 patients (43,6%) are female, with an age range of 0 to 9 years. The distribution of patients based on triggering factors shows that some patients have one factor, while others have two factors. The most common triggering factor found in patients with one factor is recurrent respiratory tract infections (40%), while in patients with two factors, the most common triggering factors are Down Syndrome with recurrent respiratory tract infections (7,3%) and congenital CMV with recurrent respiratory tract infections (7,3%). Adenoid hypertrophy in children is caused by a chronic inflammatory process in the adenoid, which can be triggered by various factors, either single factor or a combination of several factors.