Nursing support and training of children with bronchial asthma and their parents in the technique of nebulizer therapy

Background. Bronchial asthma (BA) occupies one of the leading places in the structure of pediatric respiratory pathology. The effectiveness of its treatment critically depends on the accuracy of drug delivery, but about 70% of patients make errors during inhalations. In the context of the educational reform in specialty I5 "Nursing", the role of nursing staff as an autonomous clinical instructor and educational leader is becoming more relevant. Aim. To substantiate the importance of professional knowledge and practical skills of nurses in the process of teaching pediatric patients and their parents the correct technique of using a nebulizer. Materials and Methods. A scoping review and analysis of modern scientific sources, guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, materials of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) for 2016–2026 were conducted. The study was conducted using the bibliosemantic method and systems analysis; it is a private initiative of the authors and was performed without grant support or state registration of the topic. Research Ethics. The study was conducted without involving patients or animals, and therefore did not require ethics committee approval. Results. Nursing interventions during an acute asthma attack in a child were systematized. The role of nebulizer therapy as an important method of delivering medications to the airways of children was confirmed. A three-stage nursing educational method (demonstration, return demonstration, error correction) was proposed. Key targets of nursing control were identified: preparation of the medicinal solution, selection of the interface (mouthpiece/mask), and the algorithm for infection control of nebulizers at home. Conclusions. The transformation of the functions of a nurse from purely executive to the role of an educational leader may contribute to improving the correctness of inhalation technique, as well as increasing the level of knowledge and practical skills of parents. The introduction of innovative pedagogical and digital models into nursing practice may complement face-to-face training and improve certain educational and clinical outcomes. Integrating evidence-based nursing standards into educational programs is strategically important for forming the clinical competence of future specialists.