Circulating Plasma Adiposomes as a Partial Lipidomic Readout of Matched Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue: Implications for Interorgan Communication

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Global concordance between plasma and subcutaneous adiposome lipidomes. Each point represents one lipid feature in one subject (n = 17,006 observations). The red line indicates the linear regression fit with 95% confidence band; the dashed gray line represents the line of identity (y = x). Pearson r = 0.547; Spearman ρ = 0.702.

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  FIGURE 2. Broad lipid‐class composition profile. Panel (A) shows the mean percentage of total lipid signal for high‐ and low‐abundance broad classes. Panel (B) compares positive class percentages on log‐scaled axes. PA had no detected feature and was excluded from the log‐scale correlation.

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  FIGURE 3. Per‐subject concordance between matched plasma and subcutaneous adiposome lipidomes. Each dot represents one subject (n = 22). The red dashed line indicates the r = 0.5 threshold used to identify outlier subjects.

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  FIGURE 4. Concordance volcano plot. Each point represents one lipid feature (n = 773). The y‐axis shows the Pearson correlation between plasma and subcutaneous adiposome abundances across 22 paired subjects. The x‐axis shows the log2 fold‐change (plasma/subcutaneous). Green: Concordant (r > 0.3); pink: Discordant (r < −0.2); gray: Neutral.

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  FIGURE 5. PCA scores plot showing the first two principal components (PC1: 46.3%; PC2: 5.8%). Blue: Subcutaneous adiposomes; red: Plasma adiposomes. Dashed ellipses represent 95% confidence regions.

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  FIGURE 6. Bland–Altman agreement plot. Each point represents one lipid feature in one subject (n = 17,006 observations). The solid red line indicates the mean bias; dashed blue lines indicate the 95% limits of agreement (±1.96 SD).

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  FIGURE 7. Per‐species cross‐compartment agreement of clinical associations. For each clinical variable, each point is one lipid species, plotted by its association effect size in subcutaneous (x‐axis) versus plasma (y‐axis) adiposomes. Panels show the four variables with the strongest agreement; the dashed line is the line of identity. Per‐panel values give the effect‐size Spearman ρ and the sign concordance.

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  FIGURE 8. Focused species‐clinical Spearman matrices. Plasma and Subcutaneous panels show ρ for 12 leading species across nine prespecified outcomes (n = 22). No cell survived Benjamini‐Hochberg FDR correction in the full species‐level clinical screen.