Comparative analysis of the elemental composition of blood and muscle tissue in broiler chickens when introducing iron and zinc nanocomposites into the diet

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Arbor Acres broiler chickens were used in the experiment and were divided into 7 groups (control and 6 experimental groups). The experimental groups were given new generation nanocomposite materials Zn-C and Fe-C obtained by plasma-arc synthesis on a carbon matrix at the S.S. Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Novosibirsk from the age of 14 days for 42 days. The concentration of 25 macro- and microelements in blood serum and pectoral muscles was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Introduction of the nanocomposites resulted in a decrease in the levels of calcium (up to 56 %), phosphorus (21 %), and magnesium (48 %) in the blood, as well as decreases in the concentrations of copper (58 %) and cadmium (80 %). Iron nanoparticles caused a dose-dependent decrease in calcium (by 51.4 %) and potassium (by 17 %), but increased iodine (by 206 % at 0.6 ppm). Correlation analysis has revealed strong connections between elements in blood and muscles. For example, there is a negative correlation between calcium (Ca) and lead (Pb), with a correlation coefficient of -0.967. The principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that the variance in the first principal component (PC1) is 84.5 % for zinc (Zn) and 76.5 % for iron (Fe), indicating differences in elemental composition between the groups. PC2 explains an additional 12-14 % of the differences. Correlation analysis also revealed strong connections between specific blood and muscle elements, such as calcium and lead, with a correlation of -0.967, and sodium in muscles and iron in blood, with a close to 1 correlation coefficient of 0.996.