The Dual-Channel Quantum-Well Annihilation-Field Model: A Self-Consistent Derivation from Underlying Postulates to Macroscopic Phenomena (Formal paper style · Full version)(revise)

The Dual-Channel Quantum-Well Annihilation-Field Model: A Self-Consistent Derivation from Underlying Postulates to Macroscopic Phenomena (Formal paper style · Full version)(revise) A complete and self-consistent derivation of this model; the successive revisions are recorded in Appendix A Density (the nesting level, or the internal level): the density of the quantum wells refers specifically to the nesting level of the quantum wells, that is, only the internal level. At present, spacetime is regarded as being composed of three kinds of quantum wells: negative quantum wells, neutral quantum wells and positive quantum wells. Neutral quantum wells contain positive and negative annihilation pairs, and are formed in a separated state. Quantum wells' spatial attribute, or spacetime attribute, is taken to be determined by the number of levels of the quantum well and the number of the things inside it, and these are treated separately: negative quantum wells have the feature of crossing spacetime and can be used with topological concepts, so their spatial attribute is hard to determine; neutral quantum wells contain negative quantum wells and positive quantum wells, and their spatial attribute is determined by these two kinds of quantum wells; as for positive quantum wells, this is not faced directly, and their spatial attribute is an internal attribute, namely that photons and electrons have this spacetime-crossing feature, that is, entanglement. As for ions composed of positive quantum wells and particles composed purely of positive quantum wells, whether they have this inward spacetime-crossing attribute is a current hypothesis. For the purpose of simplifying the manner in which the annihilation pair exists or moves within a quantum well, it is at present assumed that it runs in this quantum well B, in the well wall; this view merely simplifies the manner in which the annihilation pair exists within the quantum well. The nesting level, the internal level and the composition of the quantum well understood in this way correspond to the reaction of this annihilation pair. Travel of light: at present, light is regarded as propagating by steps within its own infinitely nested quantum wells, that is, within the internal negative quantum wells inside the negative quantum wells and the neutral quantum wells. The quantum-well structure of light resembles a dynamic electron; its mass may be far less than that of an electron, and this has not yet been demonstrated. Contents Abstract 4 Chapter 1 Introduction: How the Model Understands the World 8 1.1 Two Basic Objects 8 1.2 Definition of the "annihilation pair": strict distinction from "matter–antimatter annihilation" 11 1.3 The World Picture 15 1.4 Why Negative Quantum Wells Are Difficult to Observe 17 1.5 The Derivation Discipline of This Paper 18 1.6 Changes in Distribution Form and Density, and the Corresponding Changes in Physical Effects 18 1.7 Some Properties of the Neutral Quantum Well (its basic attributes are already incorporated into Postulate VI; the rest are current conjectures) 21 1.8 The Geometric Structure of the Universe: the universe as one giant nested quantum well (current working understanding) 23 Chapter 2 The System of Postulates and the Scope of Citation 24 2.1 The Dual-Channel Postulates (I–VI) 24 2.2 Postulate-Level Laws Permitted for Citation 26 2.3 Formulas Explicitly Not Cited (List of Prohibited Items) 27 Chapter 3 Microscopic Mechanism 27 3.1 The Stable Structure and Characteristic Radius of a Particle 27 3.2 Mechanical origin of quantum uncertainty (analyzed separately for the three quantum-well-property regions) 29 3.3 Annihilation pair reaction and the independent equilibrium of the two channels 32 3.4 Mechanical criterion of measurability 33 Chapter 4 Gravitation and Light 34 4.1 Grid origin of the gravitational potential 34 4.2 The Identity of the Speed of Light and the Speed of Gravitational Waves 36 Chapter 5 Propagation of Light Rays 37 5.1 Modulation of the Negative Quantum Well Distribution and the Optical Path 37 5.2 Deflection of Light Rays 38 Chapter 6 Reconstruction of Classical Effects 39 6.1 Gravitational-Wave Strain and Radiation 39 6.2 Flat Galactic Rotation Curves 40 Chapter 7 Strong-Field Structures 41 7.1 Black Hole Shadow 41 7.2 Black Hole Spin 42 7.3 Collimated Jets 43 Chapter 8 Summary of Conditions for Verification 44 Chapter 9 Boundaries and Falsifiability 48 Appendix A Record of This Revision 53 Abstract This paper presents a complete, self-consistent derivation of "the Dual-Channel Quantum-Well Annihilation-Field Model." The model posits only one core hypothesis: at the fundamental level the universe contains only one "annihilation field," which is at the same time spacetime itself—this model posits neither a "vacuum" nor "space" as an independent background; everything is expressed solely in terms of the single physical quantity "spacetime," and the content of spacetime is given entirely by the distribution form and density of two classes of excitation modes: the positive quantum well (carrying positive annihilation pairs, autocatalytic aggregation) and the negative quantum well (carrying negative annihilation pairs, autocatalytic repulsion)—the simplest way to put it is just these two things: the distribution form of the quantum wells, and their density; the density here is the intensity of the annihilation-pair reaction at that location—the higher the density, the more intense the reaction. The "annihilation pair" here is not the "matter–antimatter annihilation" of standard physics, but rather a fundamental reaction form at the fundamental level of the universe that is controlled, of indeterminate form, and returns without reaching complete annihilation (see §1.2); the two classes of modes are governed by a set of coupled reaction–diffusion equations and are mechanically coupled through grid tension. All conclusions in this paper are derived from this hypothesis together with a small number of postulate-level laws universally used in physics (Newton's laws of motion, the conservation laws of continuous media, the wave-speed law of elastic media, and the law of refraction of geometrical optics), and do not treat general relativity or any individual's celebrated formula as a step in the derivation. All conclusions are presented in three parts—qualitative account, formula proof, and Conditions for verification: the formula proof only states the origin and purpose of each step, and the Conditions for verification only list observable facts that can be tested, without numerical fitting, and without claiming to be "in complete agreement with observations." The model further reduces every change in physical effect to a change in "distribution form and density," giving the corresponding relations class by class (§1.6): a rise in density lowers the speed of light, deepens the potential, and slows the clock; the appearance of a gradient gives rise to gravity and deflection (gravity originates in the mutual attraction between positive quantum wells: a rise in positive-quantum-well density in turn affects the distribution form and density of the negative quantum wells); anisotropy in the distribution gives rise to rotational frame dragging and collimated jets; a change of the distribution with time gives rise to gravitational waves; and an extreme concentration of the distribution gives rise to the black hole shadow. Another explicit determination of the model concerns the mode of light's travel: light travels step by step, one step per cell, from the inside outward along the infinite nesting (matryoshka-style) levels of the negative quantum wells, and no matter how many levels of nesting there are, it always runs inside the quantum wells—it must be noted that within the levels of this infinite nesting there are different quantum wells: besides the negative quantum wells, positive quantum wells and neutral quantum wells may also appear therein, so that light's traveling within the infinite nesting is also traveling inside quantum wells, and only thus does it accord with the actual situation; this is a determination made in this manuscript, from the standpoint of "light's travel," for ease of calculation, rather than a simple view of light as a transverse wave on a coarse grid—the latter is too coarse and would seriously affect subsequent calculations (see §5.1). In addition, this manuscript for now adopts the following understanding: wherever positive quantum wells exist, negative quantum wells also exist, only with different distribution densities from place to place; it is not the case that "where there are only positive quantum wells there are no negative quantum wells." This understanding is not fully adequate—the topological structure of quantum wells is extremely complex, and negative quantum wells may appear in unexpected places—so it is for now labeled a "current working understanding" and may be revised later. In addition, between the two classes of quantum wells, positive and negative, there may exist a third kind of quantum well—the empty quantum well (neutral quantum well): it is not that there is no annihilation-pair reaction there, but that the two reactions, positive and negative, are separated within the same well and their effects mutually neutralize, so that externally it appears "empty" or "neutral" (see §1.2(6) for details). This manuscript has now formally incorporated the neutral quantum well into the system of postulates, adding Postulate VI, whose properties are given alongside those of the positive and negative quantum wells. This manuscript also redefines the "vacuum" as follows (its definition is re-given by the three classes of quantum wells—positive quantum well, negative quantum well, and neutral quantum well): the state in which two independent annihilation pairs, positive and negative, of equal content within the same quantum well are isolated