Review of development of palliative care education in Slovenia

Background Palliative care education is essential for the development of integrated palliative care services. This study reviews the development and structure of palliative care education in Slovenia between 2012 and 2025, with particular emphasis on education for healthcare professionals. Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive review using data from the Slovenian Medical Chamber and the Slovenian Association for Palliative and Hospice Care. Educational activities were analysed according to duration, target groups and participation, with additional examination of structured postgraduate programmes. Results Between 2012 and 2025, 23 courses of the 60-hour Step by Step programme enrolled 702 participants, including 375 physicians and 263 nurses. Of these, 179 physicians obtained the Diploma in Palliative Care and 118 nurses completed the theoretical programme requirements; 43 of these nurses also completed additional practical training. Six 40-hour seminars were completed by 178 residents, while 27 courses of the 15/20-hour From Theory to Practice programme attracted 566 participants. Mandatory 60-hour paediatric palliative care education involved approximately 120 paediatric residents, and six regional 10-hour courses attracted 247 healthcare professionals. Conclusions Palliative care education has expanded and diversified in Slovenia, but further integration into mandatory medical training and development of advanced supervised clinical training remain priorities.