Policy Coherence for Industrial Sustainability Under SDG 9: A Systematic Literature Review and Integrative Framework for Emerging Economies

Implementing SDG 9 in emerging economies faces persistent policy incoherence, which existing studies often examine as isolated administrative issues. To address this gap, this study uses an abductive design combining a systematic literature review (2015–2025) with a literature‐driven comparative synthesis of India, Indonesia, and Thailand under a Most‐Different Systems Design. We conceptualize a cascading fragmentation mechanism, proposing how institutional disconnects may sequentially generate capability, knowledge, and transition gaps that contribute to policy incoherence as an emergent outcome. Based on these insights, we introduce the Multi‐level Sustainability Governance Framework (MSGF). The MSGF contributes to policy coherence scholarship by framing incoherence as a dynamic sequence and offers planning agencies a diagnostic logic to identify operational bottlenecks in emerging contexts.