Locational Analysis of Almajiri Schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria

This study examined the spatial distribution patterns of Almajiri schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria, with a view to identifying spatial inequalities and generating evidence for improved educational planning and management. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, using a multistage sampling technique to select six Local Government Areas (LGAs): Zaria, Kaduna North, Kaduna South, Igabi, Chikun, and Jema’a. Primary data were obtained through Global Positioning System (GPS) field mapping and physical observation, while secondary data were sourced from maps, satellite imagery, and institutional records. The data were processed and analysed using overlay operations and Quadrat Analysis in ArcGIS 10.8. The findings revealed considerable spatial disparities in the distribution of Almajiri schools across the study areas. The Quadrat Analysis indicated pronounced clustering in Zaria (z-score = 67.27), Igabi (21.72), Kaduna North (10.75), and Kaduna South (13.22). Chikun exhibited a comparatively less pronounced but statistically significant clustering pattern (z-score = 8.38), whereas Jema’a demonstrated a near-random spatial distribution (z-score = 0.60). These findings indicate that Almajiri schools are not evenly distributed across the selected LGAs, reflecting differences in their spatial concentration and distribution patterns. The study concludes that these spatial disparities have implications for equitable educational access, effective school location planning, and the provision of appropriate educational infrastructure. It recommends the establishment of a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Almajiri School Information System to support school mapping, planning, and monitoring; the enforcement of minimum locational and infrastructural standards; and the implementation of context-specific interventions to improve the safety and quality of Almajiri education in Kaduna State.