Low-overhead trust mechanism for efficient cross-domain authentication in internet of vehicles based on blockchain sharding

Introduction To solve the problems of inadequate scalability, sluggish synchronization of authentication information, and high authentication overhead, an efficient authentication strategy based on a double-layer shard blockchain was presented for the cross-trust domain of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). A double-layer shard blockchain architecture was developed for multiple cross-trust domain message authentication by constructing blockchains on different entity levels in all domains in order to boost system scalability and provide secure and efficient cross-domain information flow. Methods A blockchain sharding technique based on the Metis graph partitioning algorithm for IoV was presented to increase the efficiency of syncing a large quantity of authentication data on the chain. This technique adjusts to the unequal distribution of authentication data on various road segments in the IoV and balances the burdens of each shard. A batch authentication method based on certificateless public-key cryptography (CL-PKC) was proposed, which reduced the authentication overhead of cross-domain messages by permitting batch authentication of communications from several trust domains. Results and Discussion The suggested technique successfully increases the authentication efficiency of cross-trust domain communications, according to experimental data. It decreases the computational overhead of many cross-domain message authentication by over 26.4% when compared to existing schemes.