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We introduced a partially coherent cosine-Gaussian vortex beam (PCCGVB) based on the coherence theory. The equation of this PCCGVB in maritime atmospheric turbulence was derived, and the characteristics of this PCCGVB were studied based on the derived equation. It was found that intensity profiles of this PCCGVB can show a decentered ring distribution or crescent pattern modulated by the off-axis parameter. The PCCGVB in free space during propagation can gradually translate into a one-spot pattern, and the evolution speed can be affected by topological charge and coherence length. Moreover, the PCCGVB in maritime atmospheric turbulence can lose the initial decentered ring distribution more rapidly. The coherence vortices will move to new positions during propagation, and the number of coherence vortices of this PCCGVB can increase during propagation.
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Gao et al. (2026) studied this question.
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