Enhanced gain and isolation-based frequency-reconfigurable four-port MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications

Wireless communication technology uses MIMO antennas to increase channel capacity and data throughput. The reconfigurable MIMO antenna changes polarisation, emission pattern, and frequency to respond to ambient circumstances. Classic reconfigurable four-port MIMO antennas have lower gain and isolation, complex design, and more mutual coupling. This research presents a four-port frequency-reconfigurable MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications to address these difficulties. The proposed antenna has 4.4 dielectric constant and 1.6 mm thickness. Antenna substrate dimensions are 30 mm × 30 mm. Gain is increased by adding square split ring resonators (SSRR) metamaterial to the antenna design. The ground plane-integrated vertical strip lowers reciprocal coupling and improves isolation over the operating band. Frequency reconfiguration is accomplished with four BAR64-02 V PIN diodes. The antenna switches frequencies in ON and OFF modes by loading a PIN diode in every four slots. The ON condition resonates at 3.536 GHz and the OFF condition at 5.884 GHz. According to simulated analysis, the proposed antenna had 2.52 dBi gain at ON and 3.08 dBi at OFF. Measured analysis shows 2.2 dBi and 3.05 dBi gain levels for both circumstances. Radiation efficiency is 85% and 63% for both circumstances. Additionally, MIMO performance measures such as ECC<0.05 and CCL<0.4 bits/sec/Hz demonstrate antenna system enhancements.