Vehicular Air Pollution and Its Control Measures

Vehicular air pollution is a major environmental concern in urban areas. The growing number of cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and other vehicles has increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Major vehicle-related emissions include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), sulfur oxides (SO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These emissions can affect human health, air quality, and the environment. This paper discusses the main sources and types of vehicular air pollution, its effects, and methods for controlling vehicle emissions.