Data Privacy and Information Security Practices in Organizations in Uganda: An integrative narrative review and proposed implementation framework

Data privacy and information security are closely related organizational responsibilities, yet securing a database does not establish that its contents are collected, used or retained appropriately. This article examines how organizations in Uganda can integrate privacy governance with information security management. A structured narrative review brings together selected Ugandan empirical studies, international behavioural research, Uganda's data protection legislation and recognized management frameworks. The analysis distinguishes legal requirements, framework recommendations, reported empirical associations and the article's own conceptual propositions. Five findings emerge: technical controls do not resolve all privacy risks; organizational commitment must be translated into verifiable routines; employee capability and workable procedures influence compliance; outsourcing changes the allocation of tasks without eliminating accountability; and implementation should be assessed through evidence of operating controls rather than policy possession alone. Existing Ugandan studies provide useful sector-specific evidence but do not support a single national compliance estimate or causal ranking of interventions. The article proposes an integrated framework linking governance, human capability and technical safeguards to responsible processing and operational resilience, with organizational resources and processing context as conditioning factors. It also develops an evidence matrix and a phased implementation approach. The conclusion is that privacy and security should be coordinated across the information lifecycle while retaining distinct tests for lawful processing, protection of individuals and service continuity. Future research should combine staff accounts with document review and proportionate technical verification.