An Exploration of Individual Psychological Resilience Differences and Influencing Factors in Cross-Cultural Contexts

{'en': 'Resilience research has produced a long list of individual-level predictors, but most of that evidence comes from a few Western countries, and the cross-national comparability of the standard resilience scales has seldom been tested. This paper asks whether the same individual characteristics predict resilience to the same degree in different cultural contexts. A synthetic dataset calibrated to effect sizes reported in the published cross-cultural literature (N = 2,400 adults, 400 each in China, Brazil, Japan, India, Germany and the United States) is used to test three questions: whether resilience scores differ across countries, whether the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is measurement-invariant across them, and whether country-level individualism moderates four individual-level predictors. Country means spanned less than two points on a 40-point scale (η² = .009, ω² = .007). The scale reached scalar invariance when items were treated as ordinal, including equality of item thresholds. The substantive finding is a set of cross-level interactions. Interdependent self-construal predicted resilience in collectivist settings and not in individualist ones; independent self-construal showed the reverse; social support was a stronger predictor in collectivist settings. Independent self-construal had no average effect (b = 0.18, p = .127). Culture does not determine how resilient people are. It determines which resources matter.'}