Review on the Potential of Bioactive Peptides in Modulating Allergic Responses via Dendritic Cells

Food allergy can lead to dietary restrictions, nutritional deficiencies, and, in severe cases, systemic allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the immune response, presenting antigens to T-cells and initiating adaptive immunity. Bioactive peptides have shown potential in alleviating allergic reactions, but their effects on DCs require further investigation. Current direct and indirect evidence suggests that bioactive peptides may modulate allergic reactions by influencing DC activation, maturation, antigen presentation, and subsequent immune responses. This review explores the role of DCs in immune regulation and maturation, focusing on their dual function in promoting immune tolerance and reducing allergic reactions. Bioactive peptides may modulate allergic responses by influencing DCs at various stages of maturation. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential involvement of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in bioactive peptide-associated regulation of DC activity. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for further evaluation of the potential of bioactive peptides in allergy-related immune regulation.