Considerations on the numerical and experimental investigation of attached-mass effects on a conical steel ultrasonic horn. A finite-difference, 2D/3D FEM and experimental FRF study

This study evaluates the effects of an attached mass on the dynamic response of a conical steel ultrasonic horn using a centered finite-difference scheme, axisymmetric 2D and full 3D ANSYS FEM models, and impact-hammer FRF testing. Modal and harmonic analyses compare the unloaded horn with the assembly comprising the screw, contacts, and mass. The added components shift the longitudinal resonance and redistribute displacement amplitude, producing detuning and modal-response redistribution rather than uniform attenuation.