Developments in the EU Emissions Trading System and Their Effects on CCU Pathways

The analysis presented in this article focuses on provisions of the European Union (EU) emissions trading system (ETS) for carbon dioxide that is captured in stationary installations for chemical utilization (CCU). The evolution in EU ETS legislation over more than two decades has led to challenges for CCU pathways with regard to monitoring, reporting, and allowance surrender obligations. This article attempts to trace the development from an engineering perspective. A look ahead suggests that CCU strategies could benefit from the formal expansion of the scope of the EU ETS, which has recently begun to take shape.