Self-management support preferences among older patients with mild cognitive impairment: a Q-methodology study

This study aimed to construct personalized support strategies, so as to delay the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life. Q-methodology was used in this study. A total of 30 subjective statements were identified based on literature review and patient interviews. In this study, 30 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Nanjing as the P-sample. Data were analyzed using Ken-Q analysis software. Principal component analysis was used for factor extraction. Factor rotation was performed to classify and interpret the factors. Thirty older patients with MCI completed Q-sorting, and 27 defining Q-sorts were included in the final analysis. Patients' preferences for self-management support were divided into three categories: professionally integrated support preference, emotional support-dependent preference, and medication-dominant self-reliant support preference. Compared to the other two groups, patients with professionally integrated support preference were more likely to obtain detailed medical information and self-management strategies. Patients with emotional support-dependent preference needed more emotional care and encouragement from family, friends, and medical staff. Patients with medication-dominant self-reliant support preference believed that drug therapy was the main approach to relieve symptoms and professional guidance on drug use. Based on 27 defining Q-sorts, this Q-methodology study identified three distinct preference categories for self-management support among MCI patients. Results showed significant heterogeneity, emphasizing the need for personalized interventions to enhance effectiveness, adherence, and quality of life. Not applicable.