Integrating the principle of hifdz al-bi’ah into Islamic philanthropy: opportunities and challenges of recycling-based fundraising in Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to explore and analyze the extent to which Islamic philanthropic institutions in Indonesia integrate the principle of environmental protection (hifdz al-bi’ah) into their programs, as well as to assess the potential and challenges of implementing a recycling-based fundraising model as an innovative form of Islamic philanthropy that supports environmental sustainability and aligns with the objectives of maqashid shariah. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study uses a phenomenological approach, with data collected through interviews and document reviews from relevant institutions. The research involves managers of Islamic philanthropy institutions, religious figures and academics and is supported by relevant articles and other documents. Findings This study identifies five key themes categorized into potential factors and challenges. The initial three themes emphasize possible contributing factors: (1) the compatibility of fundraising through recycling with the principles of hifdz al-bi’ah and maqashid shariah; (2) the strategic importance of Islamic philanthropy as a novel approach to tackling environmental challenges; and (3) the motivations for public involvement, driven by increasing environmental consciousness among young people and confidence in zakat organizations. On the other hand, the last two themes identify challenges: (4) a lack of contextual religious understanding concerning environmental matters; and (5) technical and structural obstacles, such as inadequate logistical infrastructure (storage and transportation) and insufficient regulatory backing from the government. Originality/value This study offers a novel perspective by examining how Indonesian zakat institutions incorporate fiqh al-bi’ah, Islamic environmental jurisprudence, into their operations, specifically through the underexplored lens of fundraising from used and recycled goods. By mapping both the opportunities and barriers to this innovative approach and grounding the analysis in the views of diverse stakeholders, including amil zakat, muzakki, scholars and academics, this study bridges theological principles with practical environmental action in Islamic philanthropy.